Chemical Process Calculation
Topic outline
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Base and derived Units. Composition of mixture and solutions, calculations of pressure, volume, and temperature using ideal gas law. Use of partial pressure and pure component volume in gas calculations, applications of real gas relationship in gas calculation.
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Stoichiometric principles, application of material balance to unit operations like distillation, evaporation, crystallization, drying etc., Material balance with chemical reaction: Limiting and excess reactants; recycle, bypass and purging. Unsteady state material balances.
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Humidity and saturation. Air-water and other systems. Humidity chart and its application. Use of humidity in condensation and drying. Vapour Liquid Equilibrium, Antoine Equation, Clausius – Clapeyron Equation.
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Heat capacity of solids, liquids, gases and solutions. Enthalpy change for phase transition. Standard heat of reaction, heats of formation, combustion, solution, mixing etc., Effect of pressure and temperature on heat of reaction. Adiabatic reaction temperature. Unsteady state energy balances.
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Types of fuels. Determination of higher and lower calorific values. Air and oxygen demand, air-fuel ratio. Flue gas and Orsat analysis. Adiabatic Flame Temperature. Problems with sulfur burning. Introduction to Process simulations in material and energy balance problems.